Reference
This section is intentionally broad. It is for lookup, not for a step-by-step learning path.
What this section covers
- C keywords, operators, declarations, and core types
- C standard headers, macros, types, and major function families
- C++ keywords, type system vocabulary, declarations, and modern language features
- C++ standard headers, containers, algorithms, concurrency, numerics, I/O, memory, and utilities
- focused drill-down pages for operators, preprocessors, and exception hierarchies
- an alphabetical index for quick scanning
Important scope note
The C and C++ standard libraries are large enough that a single page cannot reasonably list every overload and every member function in a way that remains readable. This reference therefore aims to be exhaustive at the level of:
- language keywords and core categories
- standard headers
- primary standard-library types, algorithms, and function families
Use it as a structured map of the standards rather than as a replacement for the standard text.
Fast entry points
- Alphabetical index
- All C keywords
- All C++ keywords
- All operators
- All standard exceptions
- All smart pointers and ownership types
- All concurrency primitives
- All ranges views
- All associative containers
- All callable wrappers and adapters
- All chrono clocks and calendar types
- All sequence containers
- All numeric algorithms
- All atomics and memory ordering
- All error-code facilities
- All synchronization objects
- All vocabulary types
- All text and formatting facilities
- All filesystem and path operations
- All stream types and I/O facilities
- All allocator and PMR facilities
- All comparison and ordering facilities
- All time-zone database facilities
- All smart-pointer operations
- All uninitialized-memory helpers
- All chrono duration and time-point utilities
- All locale and facet facilities
- All path decomposition operations
- All container adapters
- All unordered-container facilities
- All callable concepts and invocability traits
- All ordered-container facilities
- All tuple and pair helpers
- All range algorithms
- All comparison function objects
- All heap algorithms
- All set algorithms
- All sequence-container modifier operations
- All string search and substring operations
- All unordered lookup and bucket operations
- All ordered bound operations
- All iterator adapters
- All formatter and printing customization points
- All allocator traits and pointer helpers
- All exception transport and termination facilities
- All contiguous-container and view relationships
- All numeric constants and ratio helpers
- All C standard headers
- All standard headers
- All C++ containers
- C language reference
- C standard headers index
- C standard library
- C++ language reference
- C++ standard headers index
- C++ standard library
- C++ containers and views
- C++ algorithms and ranges
- C++ concurrency library
- C++ numerics and time
- Header reference:
<vector> - Header reference:
<string> - Header reference:
<memory> - Header reference:
<algorithm> - Header reference:
<thread> - Header reference:
<optional> - Header reference:
<variant> - Header reference:
<span> - Header reference:
<ranges> - Header reference:
<filesystem> - Header reference:
<expected> - Header reference:
<any> - Header reference:
<format> - Header reference:
<print> - Header reference:
<source_location> - Header reference:
<tuple> - Header reference:
<functional> - Header reference:
<charconv> - Header reference:
<regex> - Header reference:
<chrono> - Header reference:
<compare> - Header reference:
<type_traits> - Header reference:
<concepts> - Header reference:
<utility> - Header reference:
<iterator> - Header reference:
<typeinfo> - Header reference:
<new> - Header reference:
<numeric> - Header reference:
<random> - Header reference:
<numbers> - Header reference:
<exception> - Header reference:
<stdexcept> - Header reference:
<system_error> - Header reference:
<future> - Header reference:
<atomic> - Header reference:
<mutex> - Header reference:
<shared_mutex> - Header reference:
<condition_variable> - Header reference:
<semaphore> - Header reference:
<barrier> - Header reference:
<latch> - Header reference:
<stop_token> - Header reference:
<locale> - Header reference:
<sstream> - Header reference:
<fstream> - Header reference:
<iostream> - Header reference:
<istream> - Header reference:
<ostream> - Header reference:
<string_view> - Header reference:
<mdspan> - Header reference:
<array> - Header reference:
<deque> - Header reference:
<list> - Header reference:
<forward_list> - Header reference:
<queue> - Header reference:
<map> - Header reference:
<set> - Header reference:
<unordered_map> - Header reference:
<unordered_set> - Header reference:
<stack> - C preprocessor and macros
- Operators and punctuators
- Standard exceptions and errors
How to use this section
- Start with the alphabetical index when you know a name but not its category.
- Start with the compact keyword or headers pages when you want a fast scan instead of grouped explanations.
- Start with the language pages when you are tracking syntax, keywords, storage, or declarations.
- Start with the headers indexes when you know you need a standard header but not the right one yet.
- Start with the library pages when you are looking for a header, type, algorithm, or utility family.
Fast lookup strategy
- know the exact facility name: use the alphabetical index or the header page directly
- know the problem but not the facility: start with the grouped library or language index pages
- know the code is modern-C++ specific: start with the vocabulary, formatting, ranges, concurrency, or error-handling clusters instead of scanning the whole section
Use this section as a map to the right cluster first, then narrow down to the exact header or utility.